it is reckoned that the normal population of Jerusalem was swollen several times over.59 Every devout Jew was obligated to spend one-tenth of the produce of his land in Jerusalem (the so-called ‘second tithe’).60 The trade and business which this generated and supported must have been enormous. In addition, the trades probably regarded the Temple as the centre of their operations too. If what we know of the integration between market-place and principal sanctuary in the typical cities of the eastern
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